Under the current situation, major powers share many common interests,
although they still have many contradictions at the same time. So they
will establish their relations of both cooperation and competition. For
example, because of the development of economic interdependence and
existence of many transnational problems, China and the US have to seek
for cooperation and are facing “win-win” model or “loss-loss” model.
Even as to some traditional security problems, like Korean nuclear
issue, China and the US have many common interests and need to
cooperate. Because China and the US are major powers and nuclear powers,
if there is war between them, both of them will suffer a lot, although
China may suffer much more than the US. So the two countries should make
their great efforts to maintain the stability of their relations and to
prevent their armed conflicts. If both China and the US can deal with
their mutual relationship with the new concept of security, they can
establish constructive cooperative relations. If all the countries in
the world can deal with their mutual relationship with the new concept
of security, they can create a world with peace and development as the
mainstream.
Even in Europe where geo-politics had prevailed before the end of the Cold War, although the model of geo-politics has still existed, some new models of interactions between major powers have appeared during the recent years, including:
Model of international mechanisms. The basic feature of this model is “ to require the actions of members of the international community to be under the control of universal indorsed norms, rules and conventions”. A main example is the eastward expansion of the NATO and its interaction with Russia. After the end of the Cold War, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and disbanding of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, the NATO did not disappear and even has expanded eastward. In December 2002, the NATO Summit Meeting held in Prague decided that the NATO would permit seven nations to join the NATO in 2004. After the seven nations complete the procedure to join the NATO, members of the NATO will increase to 26 nations, and will expand to North Europe, East Europe and Southeast Europe. At the same time, the role of the NATO has also been expanding. November 2002, the NATO Summit Meeting decided to set up quick reaction forces, so as to interfere in crisis outside the NATO Territory. The NATO eastward expansion extruded the strategic space of Russia. From the angel, to some extent, the model of geo-politics has been playing some role. However, because Russia has been focused on internal economic development, and the military functions of the NATO have been decreased, Russia and the NATO have not had the confronting contradictions now.
The relations between Russia and the NATO have been greatly changed. In May 1997, Russia and the NATO singed the Basic Document on Mutual Relationship, Cooperation and Security, declaring that both sides were partners, which lead to the Mechanism of 19+1. In May 2002, 19 heads of NATO member nations and Russian President Putin signed the Rome Statement, declaring the formal establishment of the NATO-Russia Council, which is also called as the Mechanism of 20, replacing the Mechanism of 19+1. The new Council has become the framework of discussing and establishing the common security mechanism in Europe, indicating that the depth and broadness of security cooperation between the two sides have been greatly increased. Since the establishment of the Mechanism of 20, NATO and Russia have strengthen their consultation and cooperation in anti-terror, preventing nuclear proliferation, arms control, coping with regional crisis and participating in international peace-keeping. In those fields, Russia has got the responsibilities and obligations equal to member nations of the NATO. In this way, the Mechanism of 20 has gone beyond geo-politics and model of international mechanisms have played the most important role in it.
Model of geo-economics. One of the key viewpoints of Geo-economics is that with the development of economic globalization and regional economic integration, three major regional economic groups, namely European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and East Asian economic group, have been gradually formed and will compete with each other. One example is the economic interaction of NAFTA and the EU. Another example is the Eastward expansion of the EU and its interaction with Russia. Because another ten nations of Central Europe and East Europe jointed the EU, member nations of the EU have been increased from 15 to 25. Its population has reached 450 million and its economic scale is nearly as same as the US. The Eastward expansion of the EU has also increased 100 million consumers and extended the potential cheap manufacturing capabilities, so as to spur the competition and dynamics in the EU, bringing evident economic interests to member nations of the EU. At the same time, the expansion of the EU will enhance its international position and influence. Russia has paid great attention on the Eastward expansion of the EU, but not opposed it. Since the 1990s, Russia has strengthened its contacts with the EU, hoping to join the economic mechanism of the Europe and get economic aid from Europe. Geo-economics has played the major role in the interaction of Russia and the EU.
Even in Europe where geo-politics had prevailed before the end of the Cold War, although the model of geo-politics has still existed, some new models of interactions between major powers have appeared during the recent years, including:
Model of international mechanisms. The basic feature of this model is “ to require the actions of members of the international community to be under the control of universal indorsed norms, rules and conventions”. A main example is the eastward expansion of the NATO and its interaction with Russia. After the end of the Cold War, the disintegration of the Soviet Union and disbanding of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, the NATO did not disappear and even has expanded eastward. In December 2002, the NATO Summit Meeting held in Prague decided that the NATO would permit seven nations to join the NATO in 2004. After the seven nations complete the procedure to join the NATO, members of the NATO will increase to 26 nations, and will expand to North Europe, East Europe and Southeast Europe. At the same time, the role of the NATO has also been expanding. November 2002, the NATO Summit Meeting decided to set up quick reaction forces, so as to interfere in crisis outside the NATO Territory. The NATO eastward expansion extruded the strategic space of Russia. From the angel, to some extent, the model of geo-politics has been playing some role. However, because Russia has been focused on internal economic development, and the military functions of the NATO have been decreased, Russia and the NATO have not had the confronting contradictions now.
The relations between Russia and the NATO have been greatly changed. In May 1997, Russia and the NATO singed the Basic Document on Mutual Relationship, Cooperation and Security, declaring that both sides were partners, which lead to the Mechanism of 19+1. In May 2002, 19 heads of NATO member nations and Russian President Putin signed the Rome Statement, declaring the formal establishment of the NATO-Russia Council, which is also called as the Mechanism of 20, replacing the Mechanism of 19+1. The new Council has become the framework of discussing and establishing the common security mechanism in Europe, indicating that the depth and broadness of security cooperation between the two sides have been greatly increased. Since the establishment of the Mechanism of 20, NATO and Russia have strengthen their consultation and cooperation in anti-terror, preventing nuclear proliferation, arms control, coping with regional crisis and participating in international peace-keeping. In those fields, Russia has got the responsibilities and obligations equal to member nations of the NATO. In this way, the Mechanism of 20 has gone beyond geo-politics and model of international mechanisms have played the most important role in it.
Model of geo-economics. One of the key viewpoints of Geo-economics is that with the development of economic globalization and regional economic integration, three major regional economic groups, namely European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and East Asian economic group, have been gradually formed and will compete with each other. One example is the economic interaction of NAFTA and the EU. Another example is the Eastward expansion of the EU and its interaction with Russia. Because another ten nations of Central Europe and East Europe jointed the EU, member nations of the EU have been increased from 15 to 25. Its population has reached 450 million and its economic scale is nearly as same as the US. The Eastward expansion of the EU has also increased 100 million consumers and extended the potential cheap manufacturing capabilities, so as to spur the competition and dynamics in the EU, bringing evident economic interests to member nations of the EU. At the same time, the expansion of the EU will enhance its international position and influence. Russia has paid great attention on the Eastward expansion of the EU, but not opposed it. Since the 1990s, Russia has strengthened its contacts with the EU, hoping to join the economic mechanism of the Europe and get economic aid from Europe. Geo-economics has played the major role in the interaction of Russia and the EU.
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