The representative of American offensive realism is Professor John J.
Mearshheimer, who has advocated the off-shore balancing strategy, which
stresses that the US should become the off-shore balancer, making use of
the contradictions between major powers in a region, so as to prevent
any major power from becoming regional hegemony to compete with the US.
The traditional realism has also had some impacts on the global strategy of Bush Administration and become the important factor to balance the new conservatism. One of the important current representative of the traditional realism is Dr. Richard Harsh, who has advocated the Theory of Integration, holding that the US should use diplomatic means to “make other countries and international organizations to be integrated into the world arrangements, which are identical with US interests and values”, so as to promote the world peace and help the US cope with traditional and untraditional security threats, including regional conflicts, terrorism, proliferation of weapon s of mass destruction, and so on.
According to the theory of new conservatism and offensive realism, Bush Administration has pursued its foreign policy, which is characterized with two factors, unilateralism and balance of power policy. The unilateralism is that Bush Administration is seeking for the freedom of the US in international affairs and refuses some binding multilateral commitments, disregarding some international mechanisms and treaties. For example, Bush Administration declared that the US withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol, which places the restrictions on discharging of global greenhouse gas. Another example is that Bush Administration declared that the US withdrew from the Treaty of Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM). The unilateralism also is a kind of hegemolism.
During the late Cold War period, the US sought for using China to balance the Soviet Union. Different from that, current US policy of balance of power is that in order to prevent the emerging of a major power in Euro-Asian Mainland to challenge US leading position, the US should play “unique and final balancing role” in some important regions.
Some new con even advocated the establishment of “the Americana” or “benign hegemolism”. However, it is impossible for the international mechanism under US hegemolism to have real peace, because the US as hegemony without balancing strength may often launch attacks against some middle or small countries, which are regarded by the US as running count to its will or being harmful to its interests.
If the Cold War mentality and new theory of power politics prevail, the zero-sum games are still the basic model of interaction in the international relations, indicating that one side gets benefit means other side suffers, or that two sides have closer relations means the third side suffers. However, under the new situation of peace and development becoming the theme of the current times, the zero-sum games will come to the end, although it will take very long time.
The traditional realism has also had some impacts on the global strategy of Bush Administration and become the important factor to balance the new conservatism. One of the important current representative of the traditional realism is Dr. Richard Harsh, who has advocated the Theory of Integration, holding that the US should use diplomatic means to “make other countries and international organizations to be integrated into the world arrangements, which are identical with US interests and values”, so as to promote the world peace and help the US cope with traditional and untraditional security threats, including regional conflicts, terrorism, proliferation of weapon s of mass destruction, and so on.
According to the theory of new conservatism and offensive realism, Bush Administration has pursued its foreign policy, which is characterized with two factors, unilateralism and balance of power policy. The unilateralism is that Bush Administration is seeking for the freedom of the US in international affairs and refuses some binding multilateral commitments, disregarding some international mechanisms and treaties. For example, Bush Administration declared that the US withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol, which places the restrictions on discharging of global greenhouse gas. Another example is that Bush Administration declared that the US withdrew from the Treaty of Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM). The unilateralism also is a kind of hegemolism.
During the late Cold War period, the US sought for using China to balance the Soviet Union. Different from that, current US policy of balance of power is that in order to prevent the emerging of a major power in Euro-Asian Mainland to challenge US leading position, the US should play “unique and final balancing role” in some important regions.
Some new con even advocated the establishment of “the Americana” or “benign hegemolism”. However, it is impossible for the international mechanism under US hegemolism to have real peace, because the US as hegemony without balancing strength may often launch attacks against some middle or small countries, which are regarded by the US as running count to its will or being harmful to its interests.
If the Cold War mentality and new theory of power politics prevail, the zero-sum games are still the basic model of interaction in the international relations, indicating that one side gets benefit means other side suffers, or that two sides have closer relations means the third side suffers. However, under the new situation of peace and development becoming the theme of the current times, the zero-sum games will come to the end, although it will take very long time.
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