Necessary to Have the New Concept to Maintain Peace in the New Period
During the Cold War Period, the two superpowers, namely the United States and the Soviet Union, had had long-term severe military confrontation and armed races, competing for world hegemony. As one of the serious consequences, both sides had developed the enormous arsenals of nuclear weapons, which can destroy the whole human beings for several times and became the sword of Damocles over the peoples in the world, threatening the security and survival of the human beings. Being compatible to this situation, in the international security field, the two superpowers had formed a complete series of the Cold War mentality, which was based on geo-politics, balance-of-power strategy, “Zero Sum” games theory and anti-communism.
Since the end of the Cold War, the international situation has been greatly changed. Peace and development have become the main theme of the current times. To maintain world peace and promote common development is the common willingness of the peoples of all countries and the irresistible historical trends. The development of the trend of multi-polarization in the world and economic globalization have brought opportunities and beneficial conditions to world peace and development. Under the situation, the international society should abandon out-date Cold War mentality and accept the new concepts in international fields.
During recent years, to counter the existence of the Cold War mentality and power politics thinking, China has hold, with the spirit of keeping pace with the times, that we need new concepts to maintain peace. China has advocated setting up the new security concept with “mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, and coordination” as the core. It has promoted that mutual trust should be improved through dialogue and common security should be realized through cooperation. The new concept is the development of the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence, and should become the foundation of the theory to establish the framework of international security in the new century.
In the first, mutual trust is with honest as its roots and with trust as the first. Every country should abandon the Cold War mentality and power politics and be beyond the difference of idealism and social systems, not harboring suspicions with each other and not adopting a hostile attitude towards each other. Countries should often make dialogue about their security and defense policy, and should circulate to each other about their significant actions. They should actively establish mechanisms of regional security cooperation and dialogue through all kinds of confidence and security-building measures to increase mutual trust.
In the second, mutual benefit indicates that in order to conform to the trends of globalization, all the countries should respect the security interests of other sides when maintaining its own national interests, and should create conditions for security of other sides realizing its own security interests, setting up global security on the common interests and realize common security.
In the third, equality refers to the maintaining of the principle that every country, whether it is big or small, strong or weak, is an equal member in the international society. All the countries should respect with each other and treat each other equally, not to interfere in other country’s internal affairs. They should push forward the trend of democratization of international relations together.
In the fourth, coordination indicates that all the countries should carry out broad and in-depth cooperation to deal with security problems of all concerns, so as to cope effectively with challenges in global security. They should remove hidden dangers and resolve disputes through peaceful means, to prevent war and armed conflicts and realize universal and persistent security.
The purpose of the new concept of security is to surmount differences, to increase mutual trust through dialogue, to resolve disputes through negotiations, and to promote cooperation through security.
During the Cold War Period, the two superpowers, namely the United States and the Soviet Union, had had long-term severe military confrontation and armed races, competing for world hegemony. As one of the serious consequences, both sides had developed the enormous arsenals of nuclear weapons, which can destroy the whole human beings for several times and became the sword of Damocles over the peoples in the world, threatening the security and survival of the human beings. Being compatible to this situation, in the international security field, the two superpowers had formed a complete series of the Cold War mentality, which was based on geo-politics, balance-of-power strategy, “Zero Sum” games theory and anti-communism.
Since the end of the Cold War, the international situation has been greatly changed. Peace and development have become the main theme of the current times. To maintain world peace and promote common development is the common willingness of the peoples of all countries and the irresistible historical trends. The development of the trend of multi-polarization in the world and economic globalization have brought opportunities and beneficial conditions to world peace and development. Under the situation, the international society should abandon out-date Cold War mentality and accept the new concepts in international fields.
During recent years, to counter the existence of the Cold War mentality and power politics thinking, China has hold, with the spirit of keeping pace with the times, that we need new concepts to maintain peace. China has advocated setting up the new security concept with “mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, and coordination” as the core. It has promoted that mutual trust should be improved through dialogue and common security should be realized through cooperation. The new concept is the development of the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence, and should become the foundation of the theory to establish the framework of international security in the new century.
In the first, mutual trust is with honest as its roots and with trust as the first. Every country should abandon the Cold War mentality and power politics and be beyond the difference of idealism and social systems, not harboring suspicions with each other and not adopting a hostile attitude towards each other. Countries should often make dialogue about their security and defense policy, and should circulate to each other about their significant actions. They should actively establish mechanisms of regional security cooperation and dialogue through all kinds of confidence and security-building measures to increase mutual trust.
In the second, mutual benefit indicates that in order to conform to the trends of globalization, all the countries should respect the security interests of other sides when maintaining its own national interests, and should create conditions for security of other sides realizing its own security interests, setting up global security on the common interests and realize common security.
In the third, equality refers to the maintaining of the principle that every country, whether it is big or small, strong or weak, is an equal member in the international society. All the countries should respect with each other and treat each other equally, not to interfere in other country’s internal affairs. They should push forward the trend of democratization of international relations together.
In the fourth, coordination indicates that all the countries should carry out broad and in-depth cooperation to deal with security problems of all concerns, so as to cope effectively with challenges in global security. They should remove hidden dangers and resolve disputes through peaceful means, to prevent war and armed conflicts and realize universal and persistent security.
The purpose of the new concept of security is to surmount differences, to increase mutual trust through dialogue, to resolve disputes through negotiations, and to promote cooperation through security.
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